From history of rideable sports
It is known, that without draught dogs many geographical opening and development by the person of Arctic regions would be hardly possible. So, both poles of the Earth are subdued on dog sleds: in 1909 Piri with their help has reached North Pole, Amundcen in 1911 has set up a flag of Norway on South Pole, having passed on dogs in the hardest conditions of Antarctica of 2980 km for 99 days. In Russia, since times of Great northern expedition of Peter 1, and till 70th years of our century any northern, especially Arctic, scientific expedition did not do without dog sleds. Driving on dogs within many centuries, and in some cases and millenia, was the major part of a traditional way of life of northern people. Experts believe, that rideable dog breeding is much more senior than driving on deers - there was it several millenia ago in northeast of Asia, there, where now Yakutia, Chukotka and Kamchatka, Weighty acknowledgement have presented it recently our scientists.
Though in such countries as Australia races on dog sleds are not spent, but it does not prevent to participate to inhabitants of the country in them. Them does not stop any barrier (visas, borders and customs). As presently, for example, the Australian visa can be issued in the minimal time interval and after that you without any problems can drive to the country and not be afraid of the Australian customs.
In the beginning of 90th years on island Zhohova (archipelago Novosibirsk islands) the hunting parking which was surveyed by Petersburg archeologist Vladimir Pitulko has been found out. It has found the rests nart, the dog harness and well kept bones of dogs. Datings by a radiocarbon method have shown, that the age of finds lays in an interval of 7800-8000 years. It is the most ancient parking in high-altitude Arctic regions.
In Moscow under direction of Dr.Sci.Biol. L.G.Dinesmana have dug out bones of dogs in Ancient Eskimo settlements of Chukotski peninsula and have defined their age on radiocarbon in 2480-2630. In the same place for the first time burial of an ancient dog with completely kept skeleton is found. Domestic ethnographers M.G.Levin (1946), (1978) and others mark A.V.Smoljak, that since the most ancient times down to our days for natives of the North and the Far East draught dogs always were universal animals; by them went and transported cargoes, their meat used in food, and from skins sewed winter clothes, the dog was a cult animal - it sacrificed and made other religious practices. While the technology of driving on dogs at people of Northern America has remained at primitive enough level, radical people and Russian old residents of the North, Siberia and the Far East Russia have achieved greater successes in technics of driving, preparation of dogs and management of them.. Amundcen, having visited per 1920 at Russian old residents of Kolyma, wrote: " ... in driving on dogs these Russian cost above everyone who to me should be seen ". Special achievement is northeast narta, named Kolyma, or Chukchi. Easy, collected without a uniform nail, only on belt communications-shock-absorbers, it possesses the big elasticity and durability and it is the best than other designs is suitable for driving on rough country, among stones and hummocks. Believe, that this narta has arisen during an epoch of a neolith and exists without special changes today, as before, in two variants - cargo and high-speed.
Fan sled it is applied to the West from Yenisei also in various variants, from them it is considered the best sled hunters of New Land. Tcug sled - the most ancient and simultaneously most perfect way of driving on dogs, especially on long distances and by transportation heavy cargoes. In various variants it is widespread to the east from the river Yenisei. Automobile narta could pass 250 km for 15 hours, 750 km - for 3 day. On good road sled from 12-14 dogs carried beyond all bounds long up to a cargo, on impassability - no more than 500 kg. Down to 1960th years dog sleds were important, here and there even the only thing, a kind of winter transport of northern regions of Russia. Public services, including boundary armies, post service and scientific expeditions used them not only local residents, but also all. Only on Kamchatka in 1937 50700 dogs, or over 4500 full sleds worked.
The decline of rideable dog breeding in Russia is necessary last thirty years of XX century Distribution Snowmobile technics, decline of fur hunting and local fishery, draught dogs with imported dogs of other breeds and also famine in the North in 1990th years - all this together taken, has destroyed the most part of a livestock of native draught dogs. Has escaped and even the population of draught dogs on Chukotski peninsula where without them sea hunting which then fed all East Chukotka would be impossible has increased the number in 1990th years only.
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Dog Sled Racing in the 1991 Iditarod Sled Race, Alaska, USA Framed Photographic Poster Print by Paul Souders, 21x29 by Art.com
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Iditarod Dog Sled Racing through Streets of Anchorage, Alaska, USA Subject Framed Photographic Poster Print by Paul Souders, 35x25 by AllPosters.com
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